References

This chapter is in early draft form and may be incomplete.

Al-Khowarizmi, A., Fatma Hutagalung, and Halim Maulana. 2023. “THE ACCURACY OF MAPE MODEL ON CNN TO CLASSIFICATION OF MOVING OBJECT” 101 (February): 1314–21.

Betti, Livia, Farooq Sanni, Gnouyaro Sogoyou, Togbe Agbagla, Cullen Molitor, Tamma Carleton, and Esther Rolf. 2025. “Mapping on a Budget: Optimizing Spatial Data Collection for ML.” September 3, 2025. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.03749.

European Commission, Joint Research Centre. 2020. “Global Human Settlement Layer - Population (GHS POP E2020).” https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download.php?ds=pop.

Minckley, Robert L., and William R. Radke. 2021. “Extreme Species Density of Bees (Apiformes, Hymenoptera) in the Warm Deserts of North America.” Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82 (April): 317–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.60895.

Molitor, Cullen, Juliet Cohen, Grace Lewin, Steven Cognac, Protensia Hadunka, Jonathan Proctor, and Tamma Carleton. 2025. “Monitoring Maize Yield Variability over Space and Time with Unsupervised Satellite Imagery Features.” Remote Sensing 17 (21). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213641.

Nowosad, Martijn Tennekes and Jakub. 2026. “Spatial Data Visualization with Tmap.” February 1, 2026. https://tmap.geocompx.org/.

Proctor, Jonathan, Tamma Carleton, Trinetta Chong, Taryn Fransen, Simon Greenhill, Jessica Katz, Hikari Murayama, et al. 2025. “What Can Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning Measure?” w34315. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w34315.

Rahimi, Ali, and Benjamin Recht. 2008. “Uniform Approximation of Functions with Random Bases.” In 2008 46th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, 555–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/ALLERTON.2008.4797607.

Rolf, Esther, Jonathan Proctor, Tamma Carleton, Ian Bolliger, Vaishaal Shankar, Miyabi Ishihara, Benjamin Recht, and Solomon Hsiang. 2021. “A Generalizable and Accessible Approach to Machine Learning with Global Satellite Imagery.” Nature Communications 12 (1): 4392. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24638-z.

“Your Name in Landsat 🛰️.” 2024. 2024. https://science.nasa.gov/specials/your-name-in-landsat/.

Citation requirements

When referring to the MOSAIKS handbook, please reference:

Molitor, C., Carleton, T., Rolf, E., Sogoyou, G. Z., & Sanni, F. (2026). MOSAIKS training manual. Version 1.0. center-for-effective-global-action-cega.github.io/MOSAIKS-Training-Manual/

BibTeX Citation

@online{molitor_etal_2026,
    author = {Molitor, Cullen and Carleton, Tamma and Rolf, Esther and Sogoyou, Gnouyaro Zissler and Sanni, Farooq},
    title = {{MOSAIKS} Training Manual},
    date = {2026},
    url = {https://center-for-effective-global-action-cega.github.io/MOSAIKS-Training-Manual/},
    langid = {english, french},
    organization = {Center for Effective Global Action (CEGA), UC Berkeley},
    note = {First edition. Bilingual (English/French)},
    version = {1.0},
}

When referring to the MOSAIKS methodology or when generating MOSAIKS features, please reference:

Rolf, E., Proctor, J., Carleton, T., Bolliger, I., Shankar, V., Ishihara, M., Recht, B., & Hsiang, S. (2021). A generalizable and accessible approach to machine learning with global satellite imagery. Nature Communications , 12(1), 4392. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24638-z

BibTeX Citation

@article{rolf_etal_2021,
    title = {A Generalizable and Accessible Approach to Machine Learning with Global Satellite Imagery},
    author = {Rolf, Esther and Proctor, Jonathan and Carleton, Tamma and Bolliger, Ian and Shankar, Vaishaal and Ishihara, Miyabi and Recht, Benjamin and Hsiang, Solomon},
    date = {2021-12},
    journaltitle = {Nature Communications},
    shortjournal = {Nat Commun},
    volume = {12},
    number = {1},
    pages = {4392},
    issn = {2041-1723},
    doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-24638-z},
    url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24638-z},
    langid = {english}
}

If using features downloaded from the API, please reference, in addition to the publication above, the MOSAIKS API:

Carleton, T., Chong, T., Druckenmiller, H., Noda, E., Proctor, J., Rolf, E., & Hsiang, S. (2022). Multi-task observation using satellite imagery and kitchen sinks (MOSAIKS) API. Version 1.0. mosaiks.org.

BibTeX Citation

@misc{MOSAIKS_API,
    author = {Carleton, Tamma and Chong, Trinetta and Druckenmiller, Hannah and Noda, Eugenio and Proctor, Jonathan and Rolf, Esther and Hsiang, Solomon},
    title = {Multi-Task Observation Using Satellite Imagery and Kitchen Sinks (MOSAIKS) API},
    url = {https://mosaiks.org},
    version = {1.0},
    year = {2022},
}

The end

This concludes the MOSAIKS training manual. We hope you found it useful and that it helps you to apply MOSAIKS in your own research. If you have any questions or feedback, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us via GitHub.